View source for 09/5/1

== Preparation of 3-layer actuators containing CNT-s, EMIBF<sub>4</sub>, PVDF-HFP ==

Preparation of actuator electrode layers:
[[Image:3-Layer actuator.jpg|right|300px|]]

*'''CNT'''(ID-PO356) 50.04 mg
*'''EMIBF<sub>4</sub>''' (Aldrich) 124.5 mg
* '''PVDF-HFP''' (Kynar 2801) 50.1 mg
* '''DMAc''' ~(4 mL + 5 mL)


The electrode layer was fabricated by casting 1.6 ml of the electrolyte solution  in the Teflon mold (an area of 2.5cm×2.5cm) and evaporating the solvent, perfectly. The thickness of the obtained electrode film was 50–60 &mu;m.


Preparation of actuator electrode layers:

*'''EMIBF<sub>4</sub>''' (Aldrich) 202 mg
* '''PVDF-HFP''' (Kynar 2801) 204,3 mg
* '''PC''' 497 mg
* '''MP''' 2 mL


The gel electrolyte layers were fabricated by casting 0.3 ml of the solution to the Tefon mold (an area of 2.5cm×2.5 cm) and evaporating the solvent perfectly. The thickness of the obtained gel electrolyte film was 15-18 &mu;m. An actuator film was fabricated by hot-pressing the electrode and electrolyte layers which have the same internal IL. The thickness of the actuator film was 100-110 &mu;m, which are smaller than the sum of those of two electrode and one electrolyte layers, since the thickness of each layer decreases by being hotpressed

== Actuator performance analysis ==

Ionic conductivity &kappa; of electrolyte layer was calculated from data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. R value was determined from Nyquist`s plot.

<math>\kappa=\frac{d \left (cm\right )}{S \left (cm^2 \right ) \times R \left ( \Omega \right)}\, \qquad  \left (1\right )</math>

In formula (1) '''d''' is a thickness of the electolyte layer, '''S''' is an area of circular shaped  elctrolyte layer film and '''R''' is a resistance of electrolyte film obtained from Z &prime; Z &Prime; -plots

Results: <math>\kappa_{231 \ \mu m}=4.3 \ \mbox{mScm}^{-1} </math> and <math>\kappa_{228 \ \mu m}=3.2 \ \mbox{mScm}^{-1} </math>


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Gravimetric capacitance was calculated from cyclic voltammetry measurements. Cyclic voltammograms of actuator at different sweep rates between voltage range ±0.5 V and ±1 V.